Cannabinol (CBN) – účinky a regulácia
Pozor, nie Cannabidiol (CBD), ale Cannabinol (CBN)! Ďalší menší kanabinoid, ktorému sa dostáva pozornosti. Ako je to s ním?
Ak ste nečítali, naše predošlé články o kanabinoidoch tu alebo tu , tak len krátke pripomenutie: Ľudský endo-kanabinoidný systém (EKS) sa skladá z receptorov (najmä v nervovom a imunitnom systéme) a molekúl, ktoré pôsobia na tieto receptory, aby ich ovplyvňovali a udržiavali náš organizmus vo vyrovnanom stave navzdory vonkajším vplyvom. CBN je takáto molekula. Má schopnosť viazať sa na kanabinoidné receptory, a tak ovplyvňovať náš EKS.
CBN je výsledkom degradácie THC a najviac sa vyskytuje v starej konope.[1] CBN mal byť prvý identifikovaný a izolovaný kanabinoid, a to ešte koncom 19. storočia. Objav bol zrejme výsledkom prudkej degradácie THC na CBN kvôli transportným a skladovým podmienkam tej doby, čo sú však výzvy aj súčasnej kvalitatívnej kontroly.[2] Vieme, že svetlo a teplo, znehodnocujú kanabinoidy všeobecne.
CBN má oproti THC asi štvrtinu potencie, niektoré zdroje hovoria o 1/10 potencie[3], ale každopádne, pozor, je psychotropný! CBN je zahrnutý vo vzorci pre označenie konopy pre drogové účely na drogovej strane.
Účinky CBN
Najvýznamnejšie účinky CBN sa pripisujú jeho uspávaciemu efektu. Zrejme preto, že CBN pozná vedecká komunita už dlho, existuje 9 kvalitných štúdií na ľuďoch s placebo skupinou, a ktoré boli odborne hodnotené.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] (Tá posledná je najnovšia a voľne dostupná.)
Tieto štúdie zistili, že CBN nemá žiadne špeciálne vlastnosti podporujúce spánok. Je treba pripustiť, že nie vždy sa sústredili na samotný spánok, ale je to stále bližšie ako štúdie na hlodavcoch, bez placebo skupiny a odborného hodnotenia.
Regulácia CBN
Regulácia v USA je na tom rovnako ako pri CBG. Preto sa tam zatiaľ CBN produkty uvádzajú na trh[13], ale ani toto nemusí byť presná informácia..
Čo sa týka EU, tak zopakujme, že CBN je produktom degradácie THC a je psychotropné. To celkovo zhŕňa jeho reguláciu :)
AUTOR: Michal Mikita, zakladateľ Konopnice
ZDROJE:
- Andre, Ch.M.. et al.: Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. Frontiers in plant science vol. 7, 19 (2016). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740396/
- Russo, E.B., Marcu, J.: Cannabinoid Pharmacology, Advances in Pharmacology, 2017. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cannabinol
- Rhee, M.H. et al.: Cannabinol derivatives: Binding to cannabinoid. J.Med.Chem. 40, 3228-3233 (1997) URL: https://www.academia.edu/18360656/
- Hollister, L.E.: Cannabidiol and cannabinol in man. Experientia 29, 825–826 (1973). URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01946311
- Perez-Reyes, M et al.: A comparison of the pharmacological activity in man of intravenously administered delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol. Experientia vol. 29,11 (1973). URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01922823
- Hollister, L.E., Gillespie, H.: Interactions in man of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1975. 18(1): p. 80-3. URL: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpt197518180
- Karniol, I.G., et al.: Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in man. Pharmacology, 1975. 13(6): p. 502-12. URL: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/136944
- Bird, K.D. et al.: Intercannabinoid and cannabinoid-ethanol interactions on human performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1980. 71(2): p. 181-8. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305710003515?via%3Dihub
- Agurell, S. et al.: Interactions of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol with cannabinol and cannabidiol following oral administration in man. Assay of cannabinol and cannabidiol by mass fragmentography. Experientia, 1981. 37(10): p. 1090-2. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02085029
- Gong, H., Jr. et al.: Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1984. 35(1): p. 26-32. URL: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1038/clpt.1984.4
- Johansson, E. et al.: Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabinol in man after intravenous administration and smoking. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom, 1987. 14(9): p. 495-9. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bms.1200140904
- Walsh, J.H. et al.: Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo. Sleep, 2021. 44(11). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8598183/
- Sliwoski, V.: Is CBN legal? What is CBN? The Canna Law Blog™, Harris – Bricken, 2020. URL: https://harrisbricken.com/cannalawblog/is-cbn-legal-what-is-cbn/
[1] Andre, Ch.,M. et al.: Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. Frontiers in plant science vol. 7, 19 (2016). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740396/
[2] Russo, E.B., Marcu, J.: Cannabinoid Pharmacology, Advances in Pharmacology, 2017. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cannabinol
[3] Rhee, M.H. et al.: Cannabinol derivatives: Binding to cannabinoid. J.Med.Chem. 40, 3228-3233 (1997) URL: https://www.academia.edu/18360656/
[4] Hollister, L.E.: Cannabidiol and cannabinol in man. Experientia 29, 825–826 (1973): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01946311
[5] Perez-Reyes, M et al.: A comparison of the pharmacological activity in man of intravenously administered delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol. Experientia vol. 29,11 (1973): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01922823
[6] Hollister, L.E., Gillespie, H.: Interactions in man of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1975. 18(1): p. 80-3. URL: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpt197518180
[7] Karniol, I.G., et al.: Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in man. Pharmacology, 1975. 13(6): p. 502-12. URL: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/136944
[8] Bird, K.D. et al.: Intercannabinoid and cannabinoid-ethanol interactions on human performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1980. 71(2): p. 181-8. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305710003515?via%3Dihub
[9] Agurell, S. et al.: Interactions of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol with cannabinol and cannabidiol following oral administration in man. Assay of cannabinol and cannabidiol by mass fragmentography. Experientia, 1981. 37(10): p. 1090-2. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02085029
[10] Gong, H., Jr. et al.: Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1984. 35(1): p. 26-32. URL: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1038/clpt.1984.4
[11] Johansson, E. et al.: Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabinol in man after intravenous administration and smoking. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom, 1987. 14(9): p. 495-9. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bms.1200140904
[12] Walsh, J.H. et al.: Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo. Sleep, 2021. 44(11). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8598183/
[13] Sliwoski, V.: Is CBN legal? What is CBN? The Canna Law Blog™, Harris – Bricken, 2020. URL: https://harrisbricken.com/cannalawblog/is-cbn-legal-what-is-cbn/